John Arrowsmith: The Provinces of La Plata, La Banda Oriental del Uruguay and Chile
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Cartographer:
|
John Arrowsmith
|
|
Title:
|
The Provinces of La Plata, La Banda Oriental del Uruguay and Chile
|
|
Date:
|
1842
|
|
Published:
|
London
|
|
Width:
|
19 inches / 49 cm
|
|
Height:
|
23 inches / 59 cm
|
|
Map ref:
|
SAM3414
|
|
Description:
|
|
Fantastically detailed map of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Chile, compiled from documents sent to John Arrowsmith by Sir Woodbine Parish, noted diplomat and scientist, and published in Arrowsmith's London Atlas of Universal Geography.
Parish was the British Chargé d'affaires in Buenos Aires from 1825-1832, a critical period during which Argentina gained its independence from Spain. Alongside his diplomatic work, Parish was also a noted geologist and paleontologist who published a book about the geology and mammalian fossils of Argentina. He also collected the skeleton of a Megatherium, an extinct giant sloth, which was later reconstructed and exhibited in the Natural History Museum in London.
Parish is not, however, the most important paleontologist associated with this map. South of Buenos Aires, near the Patagonian border town of Carmen, a small dotted line notes the 1833 journey of Charles Darwin to Buenos Aires. Darwin spent many years in Argentina during the voyage of the Beagle. It was along this stretch of coast that Darwin collected some of his most important fossils, those of ancient armadillos, rheas (large ostrich-like birds), and tree sloths. Long before his time in the Galapagos, these fossils provided the first hints that extinct and living species were likely connected through a process of transmutation. Much of the coastal detail included in this map, particularly in the southern regions, was derived from Captain Fitzroy's surveys on the Beagle.
Original hand-colour. [SAM3414]
John Arrowsmith (1790-1873)
John Arrowsmith, one of the greatest 19th-century English cartographers, was born in Winston, County Durham, in 1790. At the age of 20, John moved to London to join the prestigious mapmaking firm founded by his uncle, Aaron Arrowsmith. There, working alongside his cousins Aaron II and Samuel, he developed his expertise in engraving, lithography, globe-making, and publishing.
On the death of his uncle in 1823, John left the firm and decided to set up on his own; there is a suggestion that he became a dealer of prints and paintings in Paris between 1824 and 1826 but he must have returned to England shortly after as he was cited as one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society in 1830. He became a highly influential member of the Society, acting as its unofficial cartographer for the next forty-three years and participating in its Council between 1851 and 1868; in 1863, he was awarded the Society’s Patron’s Medal. This position enabled him to access, engrave, and publish manuscript maps sent back to London by many of the foremost explorers of the age, including Burke & Wills, John Henning Speke, and David Livingstone.
Arrowsmith then obtained another powerful connection which gave him further privileged access to important manuscript maps: in 1837, he began to produce maps for Hansard, the firm charged with publishing Parliamentary reports and papers. Maps from the Colonial Office and the Honourable East India Co., among others, would first pass through Arrowsmith’s hands. This gave him an enormous advantage over his commercial rivals.
Arrowsmith’s own commercial enterprise culminated in the production of the “London Atlas of Universal Geography” first issued in 1834. As his prestige and contacts grew, so did the contents of this work. The importance of the above atlas cannot be overstated. There are maps dedicated to individuals whose names still resonate today. These include Captain Robert Fitzroy and the Officers of the Beagle, John Septimus Roe, first Surveyor General of Western Australia, and Lieut. Alexander Burnes, the legendary Burnes of Bokhara. |